The study aimed to evaluate the management and treatment situation of wastes and wastewater derived from intensive and semi-intensive whiteleg shrimp farms in Soc Trang province. In each group, sixty small-scale farming households were selected for the structured questionnaire-based survey. In total, 120 shrimp farming households were involved in direct interviews focusing on water and sediment treatment and management that the local farmers applied for their culture ponds. In both farming scales, the farmers paid more concern on treatment of water supply to the culture ponds rather than treatment of water discharged from the culture ponds. There were 93.3% (56/60) and 100% of intensive and semi-intensive farms, respectively, who treated water supply using settling ponds, bag filters and chemical agents. A small number of interviewed household (3%) in each group using chloride to treat water before discharge into the environment, whereas 37% (22/60) and 42% (25/60) of intensive and semi-intensive farms, respectively, who kept water for the next cycle and the rest interview households discharged directly untreated-water into the environment even water in the shrimp ponds containing disease during culture time. The local farmers managed pond sediment after culture one or two cycles by draining and placing sediment in the pond dike, applied to the ground or plant, and drained directly into the environment that might cause environmental pollution and reverse effect on shrimp growth. However, a smaller number of semi-intensive shrimp farms had bad manner and perception in water and sediment management compared to that of the intensive shrimp farms. The findings of this study indicated that the local shrimp farmers did not have appropriate solution and positive attitudes of water and sediment management in shrimp ponds.